THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES AND SANITATION HYGIENE BEHAVIOR AMONG WORKERS ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT X
Keywords:
knowledge; attitude; perceived behavioral control; hygiene and sanitation behavior; construction workersAbstract
Diarrhea remains a global environmental health problem closely linked to poor hygiene and sanitation practices, including in the construction sector, which is characterized by intensive, dynamic work and is often accompanied by limited on-site sanitation facilities. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitude toward behavior, and perceived behavioral control (availability of sanitation facilities) and hygiene and sanitation behaviors among workers at Project X, using a modified Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework that incorporates the knowledge antecedent. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted from April to July 2026. The sample consisted of 100 workers selected using accidental sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using a TPB-based structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, then analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that 54% of respondents had good knowledge, 50% had a supportive attitude, 51% had good perceived behavioral control, and 52% demonstrated good sanitation hygiene behavior. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between knowledge and sanitation hygiene behavior (p=0.000; OR=5.429; 95% CI: 2.302–12.799) and between attitude and sanitation hygiene behavior (p=0.000; OR=6.641; 95% CI: 2.769–15.927), whereas perceived behavioral control did not show a significant association with sanitation hygiene behavior (p = 0.423; OR = 1.490; 95% CI: 0.677–3.279).
Downloads
References
Antonio Cassese, International Criminal Law, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), p. 277.
Aisiyah, A., Hilmi, I. L., Ilmu, F., Universitas, K., & Karawang, S. (2022). The effect of environmental sanitation on the risk of acute diarrhea in children in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 13(2), 1018–1022.
Apriani, Y., Liquiddanu, E., & Hisjam, M. (2025). A systematic review of factors influencing household waste sorting behavior. JPLB, 9(2), 178–197.
Bosnjak, M., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2020). The theory of planned behavior: Selected recent advances and applications. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 16(3), 352–356.
H, A. S. U., Wulan, D., Rw, S., Wijaya, S. M., Faculty of Medicine, University of Lampung, Department of Community Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition (2020). The relationship between personal hygiene and the incidence of diarrhea among sanitation workers at the Bakung Landfill in Bandar Lampung. Scientific Journal of Health, 10, 2018–2021.
Hartini, S., Nutrition, P. S., Science, J., Community, K., Physical Education, F. I., & Semarang, U. N. (2022). Food handlers’ attitudes toward hygiene practices. Journal of Nutrition, 2, 16–26.
Id, A. K., Roy, S., Begum, K., Kabir, A. H., & Miah, S. (2021). Factors influencing sanitation and hygiene practices among students at a public university in Bangladesh. PLOS ONE, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257663
Kes, M., S, R. T. A., Tasrun, L. O., Fitriana, N., Ali, M., Rahman, I., Adami, A., Mulyani, S., & Supraptono, B. (n.d.). Hygiene, sanitation, and occupational safety.
Ministry of Manpower, P. M., Indonesia, R., Dan, K., Work, K., Work, L. (2018). State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia, 567.
Kurnianih, T., Fayasari, A., Gizi, P. S., & Binawan, U. (2020). Association of knowledge and attitudes with hygiene practices. Journal of Nutrition and Health, 2, 308–313.
Maraş, G. B. (2024). Exploring determinants of hand hygiene among nursing students: A theory of planned behavior approach. Nurse Education Today, 1–10.
Nickell, G. S., Hinsz, V. B., & Hinsz, V. B. (2023). Subjective norms and hygiene behavior. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 39, 89–100.
World Health Organization (2024). Sanitation. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sanitation
Oriana, A., & Intiyati, A. (2025). Descriptive study: Knowledge, attitudes, and hygiene and sanitation behavior of food handlers at stalls near the Ministry of Health’s Health Polytechnic in Surabaya. Jurnal Kesehatan, 3(5), 9–17.
Preventing diarrhea through better water, sanitation, and hygiene. (n.d.). World Health Organization.
Rananda, R. M. (2025). Literature review: The relationship between basic sanitation and diarrhea. Journal of Public Health, 9, 2206–2213.
Rasyidah, U. M. (2019). Diarrhea as a consequence of poor environmental sanitation. Journal of Environmental Health, 1(1), 30–35.
Regency, P., Shalahuddin, M., Amalia, S., Laila, N., Tinggi, S., Kesehatan, I., & Nurul, M. (2024). Factors associated with hygiene and sanitation among workers at a bakery in Pidie Regency. Journal of Public Health, 9(1), 69–80.
Relationship, T. H. E., Personal, B., Incidence, T. H. E., & Diarrhea, O. F. (2024). Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 6(3), 1777–1782.
Simpang, P., & Subulussalam, K. (2025). WHO, World Health: Diarrhea is a disease that occurs in almost all geographic regions of the world. Journal of Health, 24(2), 343-351.
Sin, C. S., & Rochelle, T. L. (2020). Using the theory of planned behavior to explain hand hygiene among nurses in Hong Kong during COVID-19. Journal of Hospital Infection, 1–10.
Sinaga, J., Tanjung, R., Mahyuni, E. L., & Nolia, H. (2022). Determinants of environmental sanitation related to the incidence of diarrhea among infants. Journal of Environmental Health, 16(1), 8-15.
Studi, B., Sememi, P., Tahun, S., Darmawan, D. F., & Pramudita, J. J. (2024). The effect of basic household sanitation on the incidence of diarrhea. Journal of Hygiene and Sanitation, 4(1), 25–29.
Triana, C. M., Thohari, I., Sulistio, I., & Hermiyanti, P. (2023). The relationship between household basic sanitation conditions and the incidence of diarrhea in RW 5 Sukomanunggal Baru PJKA, Sukomanunggal District, Surabaya City, in 2023. Journal of Public Health, 17(3), 126–131.
Wenas, A. R., & Dwiseli, F. (2025). Occupational diseases: A literature review on the role of early identification and workplace health interventions. Journal of Occupational Health, 4.
Yitageasu, G., Adane, K. C., Tesfaye, A. H., Enawugaw, T., & Demoze, L. (2025). Global epidemiology of diarrhea among internally displaced populations and refugee camp populations: An evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 1–16.
Zain, Z. (2025). Factors linking sanitation conditions to the incidence of diarrhea: A literature review. Journal of Public Health, 6, 887–896.
Zulfita, A., Sari, N. P., Wardani, S., & Yulianto, B. (2022). The relationship between personal hygiene and housewives. Media Kesmas (Public Health Media), 2, 151–161.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhannad Aslam Effendy, Rusman Efendi, Siti Riptifah Trihandari (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
