Interdisciplinary Journal of Global and Multidisciplinary
DIGITAL MARKETING TRANSFORMATION TO INCREASE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF MSMEs IN WEST KLOMPANG VILLAGE, PAKONG DISTRICT, PAMEKASAN REGENCY
The rapid development of digital technology requires Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in rural areas to adapt in order to remain competitive and sustainable in an increasingly dynamic market environment. However, low levels of digital literacy, limited online marketing skills, and the lack of continuous assistance remain major challenges faced by rural MSMEs. This article aims to describe and analyze the empowerment process of MSMEs in Klompang Barat Village through digital marketing assistance as a strategy to strengthen the local economy sustainably. The study employs a participatory and practical approach, involving field observation, socialization, mentoring, and hands-on practice in utilizing digital technologies. The findings indicate that prior to the assistance program, most MSMEs operated using conventional business practices with minimal use of digital tools. Following the mentoring activities, there was a notable improvement in digital literacy, an increase in the adoption of digital business accounts, and the registration of business locations on Google Maps, which positively contributed to business visibility and professionalism. Nevertheless, challenges such as time constraints and inconsistency in content management continue to hinder the optimal implementation of digital marketing strategies. These findings suggest that digital-based empowerment of rural MSMEs requires a gradual, contextual, and sustainable approach. With appropriate and continuous mentoring, digital transformation can serve as a strategic instrument for enhancing MSME competitiveness and fostering rural economic independence
MSME Empowerment, Digital Marketing, Digital Literacy, Rural Economy, Community Engagement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Istianah Istianah, Raudlatus Salimah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BUNGA RAYA JOINT BUSINESS GROUP (KUBE) PROGRAM IN EMPOWERING UNPROSPEROUS COMMUNITIES (STUDY IN GUNUNG KIJANG VILLAGE)
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Bunga Raya Joint Business Group (KUBE) Program in empowering underprivileged communities in Gunung Kijang Village, Bintan Regency. The study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The effectiveness analysis was based on the resource approach, process approach, and goals approach. The results of the study indicate that the KUBE Bunga Raya Program has been running and providing benefits to group members, particularly in improving business skills and strengthening social solidarity. However, the program's effectiveness has not been fully achieved optimally due to several obstacles, including limited human resources, lack of consistent member participation, weak group management, and less than optimal mentoring and marketing network development. Strengthening mentoring, increasing member capacity, and more sustainable group management are needed so that the KUBE Bunga Raya Program can be more effective in empowering underprivileged communities
Program Effectiveness, Joint Business Groups (KUBE), Community Empowerment, Underprivileged Communities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ashar Ashar, Fitri Kurnianingsih, Firman Firman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES FOR HANDLING VAGINAL AND BEGGAR SOCIETY IN KARIMUN REGENCY IN 2024
Handling homeless and beggars in Karimun Regency is one of the issues that has received serious attention from the local government. The increasing number of homeless and beggars has had a significant impact on urban social life. This study aims to examine the extent to which policies implemented by the Karimun Regency Government address the problem of homeless and beggars. Using a qualitative method with a descriptive approach through data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews and documentation. The theoretical framework used is TB Smith's policy implementation theory which consists of four indicators: ideal policy, target group, implementing agency, and environmental factors. The results of the study indicate that in handling homeless and beggars in Karimun Regency, the Government implemented the Social Protection House (RPS) program as the main policy. The Social Service and the Karimun Regency Satpol PP are the main institutions as the implementers of the program. The conclusion is that the implementation of the policy on handling homeless and beggars in Karimun Regency has been running with the involvement of several institutions such as the social service and Satpol PP as the main actors in running this RPS program. However, the program being implemented is not yet optimal. Strengthening of rehabilitation strategies, additional budgets, improved coordination, and broader social support are needed so that handling of homeless people and beggars can be oriented towards changing the behavior and independence of the target group, not just temporary control measures
Implementation, Homeless and Beggars, Policy
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ikhsan Syafiq, Novi Winarti, Ella Afnira (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
SERVICES OF THE TIRTA LINGGA REGIONAL DRINKING WATER COMPANY IN OVERCOMING THE CLEAN WATER CRISIS IN SINGKEP DISTRICT, LINGGA REGENCY
The clean water crisis remains a major problem in Lingga Regency due to limited raw water sources, the island's geographical conditions, and the uneven distribution network. PDAM Tirta Lingga plays a crucial role in providing clean water, particularly in Singkep District, which frequently experiences distribution disruptions. This study aims to analyze PDAM Tirta Lingga's services in addressing the clean water crisis, focusing on effectiveness, responsibility, and accountability. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach through observation, interviews, and documentation, with data analysis utilizing Agus Dwiyanto's (2002) theory. The results indicate that PDAM Tirta Lingga's services are not yet optimal in terms of effectiveness, characterized by uneven water distribution, unstable flow, and water quality that does not consistently meet standards. However, in terms of responsibility and accountability, PDAM Tirta Lingga is considered quite good through its crisis management efforts and transparent management and reporting. Efforts to regulate flow times and distribute water using tankers are only temporary and have not been able to meet community needs sustainably, so improvements in infrastructure and water resource capacity are needed
Services, Regional Public Corporation, Clean Water
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fitra Hardinata, Novi Winarti, Eki Darmawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
ASSET GOVERNANCE OF THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENT OF BINTAN REGENCY (CASE STUDY OF REGIONAL FINANCIAL AGENCIES AND ASSETS)
Regional asset management is a crucial aspect in realizing transparent, accountable, and participatory good governance. This study aims to evaluate whether the asset management of the Bintan Regency Government implemented by the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Agency (BKAD) has reflected the principles of good governance. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through documentation studies of the 2024 BKAD LKjIP (Regional Revenue and Expenditure Report), in-depth interviews, and literature reviews. Data were analyzed thematically to identify the suitability of asset management practices with good governance indicators. The results show that the Bintan Regency BKAD has reflected the principles of good governance through transparency with the e-BMD application, accountability in BPK audits, responsiveness in handling abandoned assets, effectiveness and efficiency of technology utilization, the rule of law based on Permendagri Number 19 of 2016, and participation of Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) in reconciliation. However, there are obstacles such as inaccurate e-BMD data, limited human resources, incomplete legal documents, and manual supervision. Continuous improvement in data quality, increased apparatus competency, and expanded community participation are needed to strengthen public service-oriented asset management
Asset Management, Good Governance , BKAD, Regional Government, Bintan Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andika Andika, Fitri Kurnianingsih, Firman Firman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
THE GAP IN MARITIME TRANSPORTATION ACCESS AND ITS IMPACT ON BANDA ISLAND AS A MAJOR TOURISM DESTINATION IN MALUKU PROVINCE
Banda Island, Maluku Province, has high tourism potential due to its natural wealth, colonial history, and maritime culture. However, the optimization of this potential is significantly hampered by disparities in sea transport access, which is the backbone of inter-regional connectivity in this remote archipelago. This study systematically analyses maritime transport disparities and their implications for efforts to develop Banda Island as a leading tourist destination in Maluku Province, while also formulating strategies for improving sustainable and inclusive maritime connectivity for local communities. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on factual field observation data and comprehensive literature review without formal hypothesis testing, this study reveals three crucial findings: (1) low and inconsistent sailing frequency directly limits the influx of domestic and foreign tourists; (2) inadequate and outdated port facilities hamper vessel operational efficiency and passenger comfort; and (3) the lack of integration between sailing schedules and seasonal tourist demand patterns and local community activities further exacerbates the geographical and economic isolation of Banda Island. In conclusion, maritime connectivity reforms are directed towards a sustainable transportation system through port revitalization, optimization of pioneer ships, and government-community-private sector collaboration to support inclusive tourism
Sea Transportation, Accessibility, Sustainable Tourism, Banda Island, Maluku
Copyright (c) 2026 Chika Najwa Salsabilla, Asep Parantika (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
WEB PROGRAMMING TRAINING TO ENHANCE DIGITAL LITERACY OF MASTER’S STUDENTS IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION UNZAH
The rapid development of digital technology demands educators to possess strong digital literacy and technological skills. However, many master’s students in Islamic Education at UNZAH still have limited competencies in web-based technologies that support innovative learning and academic dissemination. This community service program aims to enhance digital literacy through web programming training for master’s students in Islamic Education at UNZAH. The training covers fundamental web programming skills, including HTML, CSS, and basic web development concepts, and is implemented through lectures, hands-on practice, and guided mentoring. The results of the program indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of web programming concepts and their ability to develop simple educational websites. This training contributes to strengthening digital competence and supports the role of Islamic education graduates as adaptive and innovative educators in the digital era
Web Programming Training, Digital Literacy, Islamic Education, Master’s Students, UNZAH
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ichsan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
ANALYZING TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM, TEACHER INTEGRITY AND CHARACTER
Teachers are jobs that have role important in the field education also has role crucial in determine quality of the learning process as well as development character students. The professionalism possessed by teachers becomes elements that are very important and must be considered accompanied by with integrity and strong character so that the goal education can achieved with good. This article aim For analyze teacher professionalism from corner view integrity, teacher character, ability educators and ethics professional. The method used in study This is studies literature with research various source scientific, including journals and related references, which were obtained through Google Scholar search. Analysis results show that professionalism a teacher does not only determined by ability pedagogical and professional, but also by moral integrity, attitude ethical, as well as characters that show not quite enough responsibility and dedication to work as a educator. A professional teacher committed For operate his duties in a way consistent with honor values, norms and ethics profession, as well as Keep going hone ability himself along with progress knowledge knowledge and technology. Therefore that, teacher professionalism, integrity, character, competence educators and ethics professional is interconnected parts​ connected and have role important in create education quality that gives birth knowledgeable, well- mannered students manners and character
Teacher Professionalism, Teacher Integrity, Teacher Character.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurhayati Suarga, Novinda Rinjani, Syafana Nur A, Selvi Tiana, Zulfah Afinda Putri, Ratna Dewi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITY REPORT IN RW 07 RAGUNAN, PASAR MINGGU, SOUTH JAKARTA, YEAR 2026
Anemia in pregnant women remains a public health problem that contributes to an increased risk of pregnancy and childbirth complications. One effort that can be carried out to support the management of anemia is a non-pharmacological intervention through increasing vitamin C intake to enhance iron absorption. This community service activity aimed to increase hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia through an intervention of providing orange juice as a natural source of vitamin C. The activity was conducted in RW 07 Ragunan Subdistrict, Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta, during the period of December 15, 2025 to January 10, 2026. The implementation method included identifying community health problems, determining priority problems using the Urgency, Seriousness, Growth (USG) method, health education using leaflets, and providing orange juice to pregnant women with anemia as a companion to iron supplementation. The target of this activity was pregnant women with hemoglobin levels below the normal value. The results showed that the orange juice intervention was well accepted by pregnant women and had the potential to increase the effectiveness of iron absorption, as indicated by improvements in the mothers’ clinical condition and increased understanding regarding anemia prevention. In addition, this activity contributed to improving pregnant women’s self-efficacy in maintaining pregnancy health. It can be concluded that providing orange juice as a non-pharmacological intervention is a simple, economical, and sustainable effort in community midwifery care to support the prevention and management of anemia in pregnant women
Pregnancy Anemia, Orange Juice, Vitamin C, Hemoglobin, Community Midwifery
Copyright (c) 2026 Salwa Fathimatuzzahroh, Almanda Fatimah Azzahra, Salysia Manif Fatiha, Naura Rushalina, Fitri Mulyaningsih, Farida Rahmah Kirana, Nurul Husnul Lail (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
ETHICAL ATTITUDES OF TEACHERS IN THE DIGITAL AGE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN LEARNING
Through this research, the author aims to understand the ethical attitudes of teachers in the digital era and the various challenges and opportunities in technology-based learning. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review, examining various relevant scientific sources. The findings of this study indicate that teachers' ethical attitudes include the ability to maintain professionalism, academic integrity, and student privacy in the use of digital technology. Challenges faced by teachers include limited digital literacy, moral issues, and disparities in technology access. However, the era of digital development also opens up opportunities for teachers to continuously improve their professional competence and develop more creative and innovative learning. Therefore, strengthening teachers' ethical attitudes is a crucial aspect in efforts to improve the quality of education in the digital era
Digital Era, Learning, Teacher Professionalism, Teachers' Ethical Attitudes
Copyright (c) 2026 Layyinah Layyinah, Nia Maidila, Salsabila Kaila Hujimaki, Siti Umaya, Ratna Dewi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
STRATEGIES FOR RESOLUTING ETHICAL DILEMMA IN TEACHER PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
Professional ethics constitutes a fundamental foundation in shaping teachers’ professional conduct, particularly when faced with ethical dilemmas in educational practice. Teachers are not only required to master pedagogical and academic competencies, but also to uphold moral integrity, responsibility, and ethical awareness in every decision-making process. This article aims to analyze strategies for resolving ethical dilemmas in teachers’ professional practice by emphasizing ethical principles, professional codes of conduct, and moral reasoning. This study employs a literature review method by examining relevant articles, books, and regulatory documents related to ethical dilemmas, teacher professionalism, and ethical decision-making. The findings indicate that ethical dilemmas in education often arise from conflicts between equally important moral values, requiring systematic and reflective decision-making. The nine-step ethical decision-making framework proposed by Rushworth M. Kidder provides a comprehensive analytical tool for teachers, school leaders, and policymakers to evaluate values, stakeholders, facts, and consequences objectively. The application of ethical principles—namely outcome-based thinking, rule-based thinking, and care-based thinking—supports the development of sound moral judgment. This study concludes that strengthening ethical understanding and applying structured ethical decision-making strategies can enhance teachers’ professionalism, prevent conflicts of interest, and promote ethical leadership in educational institutions
Professional Ethics, Teacher Professionalism, Ethical Dilemmas, Ethical Decision-Making, Education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shahnaz’s Approdita Aulia Cintana, Yuliyana Yuliyana, Hanna Theresia Panjaitan, Tini Irmawati, Ratna Dewi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT IN HANDLING CRIMES AGAINST TERRORISM
This study examines the effectiveness of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in addressing terrorism and its impact on international law enforcement. The ICC, based on the 1998 Rome Statute, has limited jurisdiction because terrorism is not explicitly included in the category of international crimes. The research method uses a normative approach by analyzing international legal instruments and the role of the ICC. The results show that the ICC can handle terrorism cases indirectly through crimes against humanity, but its effectiveness is hampered by the absence of a universal definition of terrorism, limited jurisdiction, and the low rate of ratification of the Rome Statute. Consequently, the ICC contributes to strengthening international legal norms and encouraging global cooperation, although an amendment to the Rome Statute is needed to include terrorism as a primary crime. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of harmonizing the definition of terrorism and legal reform to enhance the role of the International Criminal Court in enforcing international law
International Criminal Court (ICC), Crime of Terrorism, International Law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Zidan Hakim, Siti Puspita Sari, Zaenudin Zaenudin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY SUPPORT AND TREATMENT ADHERENCE AMONG ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Background:Hypertension is a disease often known as the "silent killer," representing one of the most prevalent conditions in society, including among the elderly. Long-term increases in blood pressure can lead to serious complications such as kidney damage, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Family support is a form of assistance provided to family members facing health issues and serves as a reinforcing factor for elderly patients in adhering to hypertension treatment. Objective: to determine the description of the Relationship between Family Support and Adherence of Elderly Hypertension Patients. Methods: This study used a Literature Review design. A search was conducted through the Google Scholar database using the keywords "Relationship between Family Support and Adherence of Elderly Patients with Hypertension" (Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kepatuhan Pasien Lansia Hipertensi). Seven relevant articles were identified for review. Results: The review of the 7 articles indicates that there is a significant relationship between family support and the adherence of elderly patients in undergoing hypertension treatment
Family Support, Adherence, Hypertension, Elderly
Copyright (c) 2026 Hadijah Rosa Fikaria, Muhammad Iqbal, Ihsanti Dwi Rahayu, Ramadhan Triyandi, Asep Sukohar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
PEER CONFORMITY AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SIDOARJO
This study aims to determine the relationship between peer conformity and prosocial behavior among adolescents in Sidoarjo. The population in this study consists of adolescents in Sidoarjo, totaling 139,260 individuals. The participants in this study were 100 respondents selected using an accidental sampling technique, and the scale used included indicators of sharing, cooperating, donating, helping, and considering the rights and well-being of others. This study employed the Product Moment analysis technique with the assistance of the IBM SPSS version 27.00 for Windows software. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between peer conformity and prosocial behavior, with a correlation coefficient of r = -0.990 and a significance level of 0.000. These findings indicate that the higher the peer conformity, the lower the prosocial behavior among adolescents. This research is expected to serve as input for adolescents and parents to pay greater attention to peer group dynamics that may influence the development of social behavior
Peer Conformity, Prosocial Behavior, Adolescents, Adolescents in Sidoarjo.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Ramadhanie Eko Fiermansyah, Andik Matulessy, Nindia Pratitis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
DIVERSIFICATION OF Phoenix dactylifera fructus L. SEEDS BASED ON ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF Felium CONTENT IN POLYPHENOLIC, VOLATILE AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO DECAFFEINATED COFFEE BEVERAGES
As an effort to produce coffee that is loved by people all over the world, it has become one of the strategies to increase coffee consumption. The coffee in question is made from Phoenix dactylifera fructus L. beans, which is a rare and alternative drink that reduces caffeine levels. Alternatives in reducing or caffeine-free drinks are one of the best ways to improve human health. This coffee beverage, derived from the seeds of Phoenix dactylifera fructus L., is rich in benefits, including antioxidants, fibre, and minerals such as potassium and magnesium, making it highly suitable for heart health and blood pressure regulation. Coffee made from Phoenix dactylifera fructus L. beans is a delicious beverage due to its caramel flavour. It is also safe for people with stomach problems because it does not contain acid. Phoenix dactylifera fructus L. coffee is a favourite beverage because it contains phenolic compounds, volatiles, polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamin E, and carotenoids that can fight free radicals. In addition, Phoenix dactylifera fructus L. coffee, which is an alternative caffeine-free beverage, can help manage diabetes and reduce inflammation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erwin Junaidi Lubis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
THE EFFECT OF CASH FLOW, BOOK TAX DIFFERENCE, AND THE AMOUNT OF ACCRUALS ON PROFIT PERSISTENCE IN PROPERTY AND REAL ESTATE COMPANIES LISTED ON THE IDX IN 2020-2024
This study aims to examine the effect of cash flow, book–tax differences, and accrual magnitude on earnings persistence in property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2020–2024. The research population consisted of 94 companies, with a sample of 24 companies selected using a purposive sampling method, resulting in 120 observations. After outlier elimination, 100 observations were analyzed. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26, accompanied by classical assumption tests, including normality, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, and autocorrelation tests. The results indicate that, partially, cash flow and book–tax differences have a significant effect on earnings persistence, while accrual magnitude has no significant effect. Simultaneously, cash flow, book–tax differences, and accrual magnitude significantly affect earnings persistence. The coefficient of determination shows that the independent variables explain 18.2% of the variation in earnings persistence, while the remaining variation is explained by other factors outside the research model. These findings suggest that earnings sustainability in property and real estate companies is more strongly influenced by cash flow characteristics and accounting–tax reporting differences than by accrual magnitude
Cash Flow, Book Tax Difference, Amount of Accrual, Earnings Persistence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Thamrin Thamrin, Achmad Uzaimi, Suci Wahyuliza (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
TEACHER PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND MORALS: CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE WORLD OF EDUCATION
Teacher professional ethics is an important foundation in carrying out educational tasks that focus not only on teaching, but also on moral development and character formation of students. Teachers are required to have integrity, responsibility, and exemplary behavior in carrying out their roles amidst the challenges of globalization and digitalization. This study aims to analyze the concept of teacher professional ethics, moral values ​​in education, and their implementation in the world of education. The method used is a literature study of books and scientific journals. The results of the study indicate that teacher professional ethics plays a significant role in shaping the attitudes, behavior, and character of students through role models and the instilling of moral values
Teacher Professional Ethics, Moral Education, Student Character, Teacher Professionalism
Copyright (c) 2026 Anisah Anisah, Fitri Laelatul Aliyah, Fitrotunisa Fitrotunisa, Sri Andiani, Laxmi Permata Sari Suardi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM POLICY IN KELUMU VILLAGE, LINGGA DISTRICT, LINGGA REGENCY IN 2024
This study analyzes the implementation of community empowerment program policies in Kelumu Village, Lingga District, Lingga Regency in 2024. Although this village has great potential in the fisheries, agriculture, and mangrove tourism sectors, human resource capacity, infrastructure, and market support are still limited. The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach based on Charles O. Jones's policy implementation theory, which emphasizes three aspects: organization, interpretation, and application. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation with informants from village government officials, fishermen groups, and the community. The results show that the Kelumu Village Government has implemented empowerment programs, especially crab cage cultivation, which has had a positive impact on increasing income and community participation. However, its implementation faces obstacles such as lack of technical training, limited market access, and suboptimal mentoring and supervision. The village government is advised to strengthen cross-sectoral coordination, increase human resource capacity, and expand market access so that the empowerment program is sustainable and has a greater impact on community welfare
Policy Implementation, Community Empowerment, Kelumu Village, Public Policy, Village Government
Copyright (c) 2026 Zainal Zainal, Afrizal Afrizal, Kustiawan Kustiawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
ASSISTING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN DESIGNING, IMPLEMENTING, AND EVALUATING PHYSICAL FITNESS LEARNING USING A PLAY-BASED APPROACH
Elementary school teachers face difficulties in designing, implementing, and evaluating physical fitness lessons. This assisting activity aims to improve the competence of elementary school teachers in designing, implementing, and evaluating physical fitness lessons using a play-based approach. This community service activity takes the form of assisting elementary school teachers. The community service activity was conducted over three days, from 1 December to 3 December 2025. There were 18 elementary school teachers participating in the community service activity. The outputs of this activity were: (1) physical fitness learning modules, (2) learning tools, (3) guidelines for implementing and evaluating physical fitness learning, (4) tutorial videos, and (5) reports on the implementation of community service. The assisting activities that have been carried out have been able to overcome the problems faced by elementary school teachers, starting from difficulties to becoming easier in understanding how to design, implement, and evaluate physical fitness learning based on a play-based approach
Learning, Physical Fitness, Play Based Approach, Elementary School
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Iqbal Jauhar Hanim, Sugiyanto Sugiyanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
BUILDING A POSITIVE WORK ENVIRONMENT THROUGH TEACHER ETHICS TOWARDS CO-PEERS
This study ethics discusses the importance of teachers towards colleagues in building a positive work environment in educational institutions. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the application of teacher professional ethics in interaction, collaboration, and support between colleagues can create a harmonious work atmosphere and improve the quality of education. Through a qualitative approach with a literature study method, this article examines the theory and practice of professional teacher ethics, especially in relationships between teachers. The results of the study indicate that the application of ethics such as mutual respect, knowledge sharing, open communication, and moral support plays an important role in creating a harmonious work atmosphere, increasing motivation, and strengthening collaboration between teachers. A positive work environment has a direct impact on improving teacher performance, welfare, and overall education quality. This study recommends strengthening the culture of ethics in the school environment through training, management support, and transformational leadership to create a professional and sustainable educational community
Copyright (c) 2026 Rohyati Rohyati, Syifa'ul Inayah, Syahidah Izaty, Laxmi Permata Sari Suardi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
DIMENSIONS OF BAHR AND YAMM IN THE QUR'AN: SEMANTIC ANALYSIS AND SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE OF THE SEA
The Qur'an contains various verses of kawniyyāt that describe natural phenomena, including the sea, as a sign of the greatness of Allah SWT. One of the uniqueness of the Qur'an in describing the sea lies in the use of two main words, namely al-baḥr and al-yamm, which are often translated the same as "sea", but have significant differences in meaning and context. This study aims to analyze the linguistic and oceanographic dimensions of these two words and examine their relevance to the perspective of modern marine science. This study shows that al-baḥr is generally used in the Qur'an to describe the sea as a productive, stable natural system that brings benefits to human life, such as a source of sustenance, a means of navigation, and a supporter of civilization. In contrast, the word al-yamm is used consistently in dramatic narrative contexts, especially in the story of the Prophet Moses and Pharaoh , to represent a destructive mass of water and a means of manifesting the power and justice of Allah SWT. From a modern oceanographic perspective, this distinction aligns with the scientific reality that waters have diverse physical and hydrodynamic characteristics, can support life, but also have the potential to become a dangerous force of nature under certain conditions
Al-Baḥr, Al-Yamm, Oceanography, Semantics of the Qur'an
Copyright (c) 2026 Inayatul Mufidah, Faisal Abdullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
DEVELOPING SOLUTIONS TO TEACHER ETHICAL DILEMMA
This study discusses efforts to develop solutions to ethical dilemmas faced by teachers in their professional development. Ethics is a fundamental aspect of the teaching profession, as teachers serve not only as educators but also as role models in shaping students' character. Teachers encounter various ethical challenges, including low ethical awareness, limited knowledge and skills in addressing ethical dilemmas, workplace pressures, unsupportive educational policies, as well as social changes and technological advances. This research employs a literature review method with a qualitative analysis approach by examining relevant journals, books, and educational policies. The findings indicate that strengthening ethics in teacher professional development can be achieved through continuous ethics education and training, the formulation of supportive educational policies, the establishment of teacher communities of practice, and the implementation of ethics-based assessment and evaluation systems. These efforts are expected to enhance teachers' integrity, professionalism, and sense of responsibility in carrying out their roles. Therefore, consistent application of ethical principles can contribute to the creation of a dignified, fair, and ethical educational environment, ultimately improving the overall quality of education
Teacher Ethics, Ethical Dilemmas, Professional Development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eka Fadillah, Uul Ulfiyah, Nofi Fitriyani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
A STUDY OF THE LITERATURE ON THE ANALYSIS OF ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE
This study aims to clarify the analysis of ethical issues in education. The method used in this study is a review of relevant scientific literature. The research procedure begins with collecting articles, screening them, selecting them, discussing them, and concluding with conclusions. The data used comes from national journals. The results of the study indicate that among the 15 articles studied, there are 5 articles that align with the topic being analyzed. Moral issues in education are complex challenges faced by teachers, students, and educational institutions. Various situations involving conflicting ethical values often force difficult decisions, especially regarding fairness, privacy, and how personal values can influence the learning process. Some of the main issues that arise include fairness in attention to high-achieving students and those who need more assistance, the obligation to report that conflicts with student privacy, and how teachers' personal views can affect objectivity in teaching. These ethical problems, although not always have immediately clear solutions, demand high responsibility and integrity from educators in carrying out their duties
Literature Reviwe, Ethical Dilemma, Education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eva Yuliani, Muslihatundiniyah Muslihatundiniyah, Ainun Mardyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM AND ETHICAL BEHAVIOR IN SCHOOLS
Teacher professionalism plays a crucial role in achieving quality education grounded in ethical values within the school environment. Although teachers are required to master pedagogical, professional, social, and personal competencies, previous studies tend to discuss these competencies separately and have not sufficiently emphasized the integration of professionalism and ethical behavior in daily teaching practices. This study aims to analyze teacher professionalism in demonstrating the characteristics of professional teachers and ethical behavior in schools. The research employed a qualitative approach using a library research method by reviewing relevant books, journal articles, and academic publications related to teacher professionalism and professional ethics. Data were analyzed descriptively to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the concepts, indicators, and practices of teacher professionalism and ethical conduct in education. The findings indicate that teacher professionalism is reflected in responsibility in implementing learning activities, discipline, commitment to professional duties, and the ability to maintain positive and ethical relationships with students and school members. Ethical behavior is also demonstrated through adherence to the professional code of ethics, fairness, and respect for students’ rights and dignity. However, challenges remain in the optimal implementation of teacher professionalism, particularly in continuous competency development and ethical awareness. Therefore, strengthening teachers’ understanding and application of professional ethics is essential to improving the overall quality of education in schools
Teacher Professionalism, Ethical Behavior, Professional Ethics, School Environment,
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadila Ayu Thofaila, Lisna Nurhasfalahsyah, Ayu Sulastri, Zahrotul Hayati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENHANCING TEACHER INTEGRITY IN THE DIGITAL ERA
The development of digital technology has had a significant impact on the field of education, particularly regarding the roles and responsibilities of educators. In today's digital age, teachers' duties are no longer limited to classroom teaching but have expanded to include online professionals, where their behavior and activities can be easily observed and evaluated by the wider community. This situation requires teachers to demonstrate strong integrity and consistently apply professional ethics. This study was conducted to examine the application of professional ethics in teachers as an effort to strengthen their integrity in the digital era. The approach used was a literature review through a review of various scientific sources, journals, and related references that discuss professional ethics, educator integrity, and challenges in digital education. The findings of this study revealed that optimal implementation of professional ethics makes a significant contribution to maintaining teacher integrity, both during the learning process and when utilizing digital technology. However, several obstacles remain, including a lack of ethics-based digital literacy, heavy workloads, and limited institutional support. Thus, strategic and sustainable steps from educational institutions and the government are essential to deepen the understanding and practice of professional ethics, so that teacher integrity and professionalism can be improved in the digital era
Professional Ethics, Teacher Integrity, Digital Era, Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurjanah Nurjanah, Yulia Eka Rahmah, Farida Nazmi Nurlaila, Futri Alaida Holilah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
IDENTIFICATION OF PROFESSIONAL TEACHER CHARACTERITIS THROUGH A LITERATURE REVIEW APPROACH
This study aims to identify the characteristics of professional teachers based on a review of relevant scientific literature. The method used is a literature review by examining various references, including journal articles, books, and previous research related to teacher professionalism. The results of the review indicate that professional teachers possess four main competencies: pedagogical, professional, social, and personal competencies. In addition, professional teachers are also expected to be able to adapt to technological developments and the challenges of learning in the digital era. This study is expected to serve as a reference for the development of teacher professionalism and the improvement of education quality
Professional Teacher, Literature Review, Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Anisa Nur Agustin, Melisa Melisa, Wafa Samrotul Hasanah, Adynda Dara Meylia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES OF THE PALU CITY OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND LIBRARY IN INCREASING USER VISITS
This study aims to analyze the digital marketing strategies implemented by the Palu City Office of Archives and Library in increasing user visits. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with primary data collected through in-depth interviews with library staff directly involved in service management and promotional activities, supported by documentation studies. Data were analyzed using an interactive analysis model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that digital marketing is not implemented as a separate formal marketing program, but rather integrated into everyday library service practices. The use of digital media, particularly social media, functions as a means of disseminating information on activities, services, and the library’s public image, while increases in user visits are more strongly influenced by the quality and relevance of the services provided. Participatory services, such as digital-based suggestion mechanisms, as well as inclusive services, including disability-friendly programs and sign language learning activities, emerge as important factors that attract the public to visit the library. These findings suggest that digital marketing in the context of regional public libraries serves as a bridge between digital communication and the service experience directly perceived by users. This study concludes that the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies in regional public libraries is highly dependent on their integration with service innovations that are responsive to community needs, thereby strengthening the role of the library as a relevant and inclusive public service institution
Copyright (c) 2026 Achmad Gunawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
THE LEADERSHIP OF RAJA ALI HAJ FISABILILLAH IN THE CONTEXT OF ISLAMIC POLITICAL THOUGHT
Leadership in Islamic political thought is not solely associated with authority and governance structures, but is fundamentally rooted in moral responsibility, ethical conduct, and accountability before God and society. Raja Ali Haji Fisabilillah was a prominent nineteenth-century Malay intellectual whose intellectual legacy reflects a deep integration of Islamic values with local Malay wisdom. This study aims to analyze the concept of leadership articulated by Raja Ali Haji within the framework of Islamic political thought and to examine its relevance to contemporary leadership challenges. Employing a qualitative library research method, this study analyzes Raja Ali Haji's major works, particularly Gurindam Dua Belas and Tuhfat al-Nafis , alongside classical and contemporary scholarly literature on Islamic political theory. The findings demonstrate that leadership, according to Raja Ali Haji, is conceived as a moral trust ( amanah ) that requires justice, integrity, self-restraint, and accountability. Leadership legitimacy is not derived solely from formal authority or lineage, but from ethical behavior and public trust. The novelty of this research lies in positioning Raja Ali Haji as an Islamic political thinker from the Malay world who offers a contextual model of Islamic leadership rooted in local wisdom, thereby enriching Islamic political thought in Southeast Asia and providing ethical guidance for contemporary governance
Islamic Leadership, King Ali Haji, Islamic Political Thought, Malay Political Ethics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kustiawan Kustiawan, Rizqi Afriansyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
THE ROLE OF CRYPTOGRAPHY IN DATA SECURITY FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a foundational layer of modern digital infrastructure, connecting consumer devices, industrial sensors, smart cities, healthcare wearables, and critical systems. As adoption accelerates, the attack surface expands: IoT devices often operate with constrained CPU, memory, and power, yet they continuously generate and exchange sensitive data. Recent market tracking estimates that connected IoT devices reached about 18.5 billion in 2024 and are projected to grow to 21.1 billion in 2025, highlighting the scale at which security mechanisms must function reliably. In parallel, security telemetry and threat research show sustained exploitation of weak authentication, outdated firmware, insecure default configurations, and unencrypted communications conditions frequently leveraged by botnets and large-scale denial-of-service campaigns. This paper examines the role of cryptography as a primary control for confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation in IoT ecosystems. It also considers how cryptography must be implemented holistically supported by key management, secure update mechanisms, and device lifecycle governance to remain effective in real-world deployments. Using a qualitative descriptive internet-based study approach, this work synthesizes recent standards guidance and threat landscape reporting, including NIST’s updated foundational IoT cybersecurity activities and ENISA’s threat landscape framing. The discussion organizes cryptographic practices across device, network, and cloud layers, and evaluates common trade-offs such as computational cost, latency, usability, and maintainability. The findings emphasize that cryptography is necessary but insufficient alone; it must be integrated with secure-by-design engineering, robust identity, and operational monitoring to protect IoT data at global scale
Cryptography, Internet of Things, Data Security, Key Management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taufik Hidayat, Ibnu Rusydi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
DESCRIPTIVE EXPLORATION OF THE USE OF CRYPTOGRAPHY TO PROTECT DATA ACROSS DIFFERENT FILE SIZES
The increasing volume and diversity of digital files have heightened the need for effective data protection mechanisms. Cryptography, particularly encryption, is widely recognized as a fundamental control for safeguarding data confidentiality. However, in practical environments, the way encryption is applied often varies depending on file size, usability considerations, and workflow requirements. This study aims to descriptively explore the use of cryptography to protect data across different file sizes small, medium, and large using a qualitative descriptive method based on an internet literature study. Data were collected from authoritative standards, prior academic research, and reputable industry reports available online. The analysis focused on identifying common patterns of encryption usage, implementation approaches, and practical considerations related to file size. The findings indicate that small files are typically protected through simple, user-driven encryption methods to support ease of sharing, while medium-sized files are often bundled into encrypted containers for efficiency. Large files, such as backups and system images, tend to rely on system-level or automated encryption solutions to ensure scalability and consistency. Overall, the study highlights that implementation choices, usability, and key management practices are more influential than algorithm selection alone. This descriptive exploration provides practical insights for students, practitioners, and organizations seeking to apply cryptography effectively in real-world file protection scenarios
Cryptography, Encryption, File Size, Data Protection
Copyright (c) 2026 Akmal Baihaqi, Ibnu Ruysdi, Intan Widya Saputri Nst (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1