Interdisciplinary Journal of Global and Multidisciplinary
THE IMPORTANCE OF ENHANCING LEGAL AID REGULATIONS AS A MECHANISM FOR LEGAL PROTECTION OF CIVIL SERVANTS
The increasing complexity of civil servants' responsibilities in Indonesia exposes them to significant risks of policy criminalization and legal vulnerability. This study analyzes the urgent need to strengthen legal aid regulations as a protective mechanism to ensure legal certainty in government administration. Employing a normative legal research method, the study examines the consistency of norms in Law No. 20 of 2023 on Civil Servants and its related implementing regulations. The findings indicate a lack of coherence between overarching regulations and their implementation, which often restricts civil servants' (ASN) access to legal aid, especially during the initial stages of legal proceedings and in high-risk sectors such as goods and services procurement. Furthermore, the provision of legal aid is frequently impeded by budgetary limitations and the risk of bureaucratic politicization at the local level. The study concludes that it is imperative to strengthen regulations by establishing an independent, autonomous, and professional legal aid model. These findings suggest that robust legal protection will address bureaucratic paralysis, empower civil servants to make strategic decisions and innovate, and improve the overall effectiveness of public policy. Comprehensive legal protection is essential to maintain the integrity and professionalism of civil servants and to ensure the delivery of high-quality and equitable public services
Copyright (c) 2026 Risman setiawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAW IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION FROM THE AHLUSSUNNAH WAL JAMAAH PERSPECTIVE
Islamic Education plays a central role in shaping students’ faith, morality, and intellectual orientation across educational levels. In the perspective of Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah, Islamic Education is not merely a process of transmitting religious knowledge, but also an effort to internalize Islamic values rooted in the Qur’an, Hadith, ijma’, and qiyas. This study aims to examine the position of the sources of Islamic law in Islamic Education from the Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah perspective and to explain their relevance to the development of the undergraduate program in Islamic Early Childhood Education and the master’s program in Islamic Education at Universitas Islam Zainul Hasan Genggong Probolinggo. This research employed a qualitative library research design. Data were collected from classical and contemporary works on ushul fiqh, Islamic educational thought, and the doctrinal framework of Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah. The data were analyzed using content analysis through concept identification, thematic classification, and interpretive examination. The findings reveal that the sources of Islamic law function as normative, epistemological, and axiological foundations of Islamic Education. In the undergraduate program of Islamic Early Childhood Education, these sources serve as the basis for instilling faith, moral conduct, and religious habituation in young children. In the master’s program in Islamic Education, they provide the foundation for academic inquiry, pedagogical methodology, and the development of moderate and contextual Islamic thought. Therefore, the Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah perspective remains highly relevant for strengthening Islamic Education in Islamic higher education institutions
Copyright (c) 2026 Avil Maulina Khoiroh, Ainur Rofiq Sofa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
STUDENT MENTAL HEALTH AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR: NARRATIVE REVIEW IN EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Student mental health plays a central role in academic and social development, yet it has become increasingly complex due to growing academic, social, and emotional pressures experienced by adolescents. One of the most serious outcomes of these challenges is suicidal behavior, a global issue with profound implications for both education and psychology. This study adopts a narrative review approach to examine the relationship between student mental health and suicidal behavior from integrated educational and psychological perspectives. The literature reviewed includes international journal articles, academic books, and reports from reputable organizations, selected based on relevance, scientific rigor, and publication within the last decade. The findings indicate that suicidal behavior is influenced by multiple risk factors, including depression, anxiety, impulsivity, academic stress, social isolation, and traumatic experiences such as rejection or abuse. Psychological perspectives cognitive, psychodynamic, behavioral, and humanistic highlight that such behavior emerges from complex interactions between internal vulnerabilities and external pressures, including cognitive distortions, unresolved conflicts, environmental influences, and existential concerns. From an educational standpoint, schools function as critical protective environments by fostering supportive climates, providing counseling services, and implementing social-emotional learning programs that strengthen coping skills and resilience. An integrative approach that combines psychological insight with educational practice is therefore essential for developing effective, adaptive interventions tailored to students’ needs. The study recommends strengthening school-based mental health services, equipping teachers for early detection, enhancing collaboration among schools, families, and communities, reducing stigma through education, and encouraging further research to deepen understanding of suicidal behavior mechanisms
Student Mental Health, Suicidal Behavior, Adolescents, Psychology, Education, Integrative Intervention
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Putriani Yogosara Lodewijk (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
THE EFFECT OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG STUDENTS PARTICIPATING IN INTERNSHIP PROGRAMS
This study aims to examine the effect of work-life balance on psychological well-being among students participating in internship programs, considering the complexity of their dual roles as both learners and workers. The research employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The sample consisted of 107 students selected through purposive sampling, specifically those who were actively enrolled in academic activities while undertaking internships. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires measuring work-life balance and psychological well-being. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS version 25. The findings reveal that work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on psychological well-being, with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) and a contribution of 20.3%. However, the strength of the relationship is relatively weak, indicating the presence of other factors influencing students’ psychological well-being. These results suggest that the ability to manage academic and work demands plays an important role in maintaining students’ psychological conditions during internships. The study provides practical implications for students, educational institutions, and internship providers to develop more adaptive strategies in supporting role balance and student mental health
Work-Life Balance, Psychological Well-Being, Student Interns, Mental Well-Being
REVITALIZING PROPHETIC HADITH UNDERSTANDING FOR CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC ECONOMIC PRACTICES AMONG UNZAH GENGGONG STUDENTS
The rapid expansion of digital commerce, cashless transactions, Islamic fintech, and online consumption has created new challenges for the application of Islamic economic principles in higher education. While many studies have examined sharia compliance in digital transactions and the growth of Islamic financial literacy, fewer studies have specifically explored how the understanding of Prophetic Hadith can be revitalized as an epistemological and ethical foundation for students in interdisciplinary academic settings. This study aims to analyze the relevance, function, and revitalization model of the understanding of Prophetic Hadith in addressing contemporary Islamic economic practices among students of the Islamic Economics Program and the Master of Islamic Education Program at UNZAH Genggong. This research employed a qualitative contextual design with a library research orientation. The data consisted of recent scholarly publications on Islamic economics, digital transactions, hadith studies, and Islamic higher education, as well as institutional documents related to the academic orientation of the relevant study programs. Data were collected through documentation and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The findings show that the revitalization of Prophetic Hadith understanding should move beyond textual citation toward contextual, thematic, and case-based interpretation. The study identifies three main domains requiring revitalization: ethical screening of digital transactions, integration of hadith literacy with sharia economic reasoning, and pedagogical transformation for student learning. The study concludes that Prophetic Hadith remains highly relevant for contemporary Islamic economic practice when interpreted through an interdisciplinary framework connecting normative texts, digital economic realities, and higher education learning needs
Copyright (c) 2026 Alex Nidhomul Hikam Aditama, Ainur Rofiq Sofa, Abdul Ghofur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
ACTUALIZING RELIGIOUS MODERATION FROM THE AHLUSSUNNAH WAL JAMAAH PERSPECTIVE IN S1 PIAUD AND S2 ISLAMIC EDUCATION LECTURES AT UNIVERSITAS ISLAM ZAINUL HASAN GENGGONG PROBOLINGGO
Religious moderation has become a strategic issue in contemporary Islamic education, particularly in response to intolerance, exclusivism, and rigid religious interpretations in academic and social life. From the Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah perspective, religious moderation is not merely a sociopolitical slogan, but a theological, ethical, and pedagogical framework rooted in balance, justice, tolerance, and contextual understanding. This study aims to examine the actualization of religious moderation from the Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah perspective in the lectures of the undergraduate program in Islamic Early Childhood Education and the master’s program in Islamic Education at Universitas Islam Zainul Hasan Genggong Probolinggo. This research employed a qualitative library research design. Data were collected from classical and contemporary literature on Sunni theology, Islamic educational thought, and the discourse of religious moderation, and then analyzed using content analysis through concept identification, thematic classification, and interpretive analysis. The findings show that the actualization of religious moderation in lectures is grounded in the values of tawassuth, tawazun, i‘tidal, and tasamuh. In S1 PIAUD, these values are reflected in child-friendly pedagogy, inclusive learning habits, and character formation. In S2 Islamic Education, they are reflected in academic dialogue, methodological openness, and contextual Islamic educational analysis. Therefore, the Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah perspective provides a strong conceptual and pedagogical foundation for integrating religious moderation into higher education lectures
Copyright (c) 2026 Rohmatul Maula, Ainur Rofiq Sofa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN THE AHLUSSUNNAH WAL JAMAAH PERSPECTIVE: RELEVANCE FOR S1 PIAUD AND S2 ISLAMIC EDUCATION
Religious moderation has become an essential discourse in contemporary Islamic education, particularly in responding to extremism, intolerance, and rigid religious interpretations. In the AhlussunnahwalJamaah perspective, religious moderation is not merely a sociopolitical agenda but a theological, ethical, and educational principle rooted in balance, justice, tolerance, and proportionality. This study aims to examine the concept of religious moderation from the AhlussunnahwalJamaah perspective and to explain its relevance to the development of the undergraduate program in Islamic Early Childhood Education and the master’s program in Islamic Education at Universitas Islam Zainul Hasan GenggongProbolinggo. This research employed a qualitative library research design. Data were collected from classical and contemporary literature on AhlussunnahwalJamaah, Islamic theology, Islamic educational thought, and religious moderation. The data were analyzed through content analysis by identifying core concepts, classifying themes, and interpreting their educational implications. The findings reveal that religious moderation in the AhlussunnahwalJamaah perspective is built upon the values of tawassuth, tawazun, i‘tidal, and tasamuh. In the undergraduate program in Islamic Early Childhood Education, these values are relevant for developing child-friendly religious pedagogy, character formation, and inclusive learning habits. In the master’s program in Islamic Education, they are relevant for strengthening academic discourse, methodological openness, and contextual Islamic educational development. Therefore, religious moderation from the AhlussunnahwalJamaah perspective provides a strong foundation for the academic and pedagogical orientation of both programs
Copyright (c) 2026 Sinta Husnia, Ainur Rofiq Sofa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC STUDIES AND STUDENTS’ INTELLECTUAL RESILIENCE AGAINST DIGITAL RELIGIOUS DISINFORMATION
The rapid circulation of religious content in digital spaces has expanded students’ access to Islamic knowledge while simultaneously increasing their exposure to digital religious disinformation. This condition creates an important academic challenge, as students are required not only to receive religious information but also to evaluate its validity, context, and source authority critically. Although previous studies have discussed digital literacy, religious authority, and misinformation, limited attention has been given to the role of the Introduction to Islamic Studies course in strengthening students’ intellectual resilience against digital religious disinformation, particularly in Islamic higher education. This study aims to analyze the role of the Introduction to Islamic Studies course in strengthening students’ intellectual resilience against digital religious disinformation. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design conducted in the English Education Department and the Master’s Program in Islamic Education at the Graduate School of Universitas Islam Zainul Hasan Genggong Probolinggo. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the course plays a strategic role in building students’ epistemological foundation, fostering critical religious literacy, and developing the habit of verifying religious information circulating in digital spaces. The study further finds that Introduction to Islamic Studies functions not merely as a foundational course, but also as a pedagogical medium for shaping students who are more critical, reflective, and intellectually responsible in responding to digital religious disinformation..
Introduction to Islamic Studies, intellectual resilience, digital religious disinformation, students
Copyright (c) 2026 Ika Ismatul Hawa, Ainur Rofiq Sofa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
THE ROLE OF INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC STUDIES IN STUDENTS’ SPIRITUAL AND INTELLECTUAL AWARENESS
This study examines the role of the Introduction to Islamic Studies course in fostering students’ spiritual and intellectual awareness among undergraduate students of the English Education Department (TBI) and postgraduate students of the Master’s Program in Islamic Education (S2 PAI) at Universitas Islam Zainul Hasan Genggong Probolinggo. The study is motivated by the persistent gap in Islamic higher education, where learning is often dominated by cognitive transfer and lacks integration between spiritual values and intellectual development. Previous studies have discussed integrative Islamic education; however, limited attention has been given to how foundational courses such as Introduction to Islamic Studies contribute simultaneously to spiritual and intellectual awareness across different academic levels. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach involving purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. The informants included students, lecturers, and key institutional figures, namely Dr. H. Imam Bukhori., M.Pd and Dr. Ainur Rofiq Sofa., M.Pd., Data were analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing with triangulation techniques to ensure validity. The findings reveal that the course plays a significant role in shaping students’ spiritual awareness through value internalization and reflective learning, while also enhancing intellectual awareness through critical thinking, dialogue, and contextual analysis of Islamic teachings. The study concludes that the Introduction to Islamic Studies course functions as an integrative learning space that bridges revelation and reason, contributing to the formation of students who are both spiritually grounded and intellectually competent
Islamic Studies, Spiritual Awareness, Intellectual Awareness, Integrative Learning, Islamic Higher Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Asia, Ainur Rofiq Sofa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
INTEGRATION OF AQIDAH SHARIA AND AKHLAQ IN INTERDISCIPLINARY ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION STUDIES
This study examines the integration of aqidah sharia and akhlaq as central components in interdisciplinary Islamic Religious Education. The research is motivated by the persistent fragmentation in Islamic studies where theological legal and ethical dimensions are often treated separately creating a gap between conceptual understanding and practical application in modern education. The main variables of this study are aqidah sharia and akhlaq integration within interdisciplinary Islamic Religious Education. This study aims to analyze the conceptual framework and practical implementation of this integration in graduate level education. A qualitative descriptive analytical approach was employed involving purposively selected subjects including the Director of Graduate School the Head of Master Program in Islamic Religious Education and graduate students at Zainul Hasan Genggong Islamic University Probolinggo. Data were collected through in depth interviews observation and documentation and analyzed using data reduction display and conclusion drawing techniques. The findings reveal that the integration of aqidah sharia and akhlaq has been conceptually recognized and partially implemented through curriculum and academic culture although it remains insufficiently structured. The study further finds that such integration enhances students comprehensive understanding and supports the development of balanced intellectual spiritual and moral competencies. These results indicate that an interdisciplinary approach is essential in strengthening Islamic education to respond effectively to contemporary challenges.
Aqidah, Sharia, Akhlaq, Pendidikan Agama Islam, Interdisipliner
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Lailatul Fitriyah, Ainur Rofiq Sofa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF E-PERFORMANCE AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR PROVIDING PERFORMANCE ALLOWANCES TO CIVIL SERVANTS AT THE REGIONAL FINANCIAL AND ASSET AGENCY OF KEDIRI REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing the e-Performance system as an instrument for providing performance allowances to civil servants (ASN) at the Regional Financial and Asset Agency (BKAD) of Kediri Regency. This research is motivated by the need to evaluate the extent to which e-Performance can fairly and objectively reflect the actual performance of civil servants and encourage work productivity. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, including structural officials and ASN who actively use the system, and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results show that the implementation of e-Performance has had a positive impact on increasing productivity, administrative efficiency, and objectivity of performance assessment. The average performance achievement reached 104.85%, with 86.4% of employees exceeding their work targets. Administrative processes became up to 40% more efficient, and transparency increased significantly. The findings indicate that system effectiveness depends on the integration of technology, organizational culture, and human resource readiness. Therefore, continuous development through training, system integration (such as SIASN), and feature enhancement is necessary to support adaptive, fair, and results-oriented bureaucratic transformation
e-Performance, Civil Servants, Productivity, Performance Management, Performance Allowance, Bureaucratic Digitalization
Copyright (c) 2026 Elita Safna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
THE EFFECT OF STORE ATMOSPHERE AND QUALITYSERVICE TOWARDS CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
This study aims to examine the relationship between store atmosphere and service quality on customer satisfaction in the Food and Beverage (F&B) industry through a narrative literature review approach. This study analyzes three empirical studies published between 2022 and 2025 and relevant to the research topic. The literature selection process was conducted through a Google Scholar database search, considering the suitability of the research variables, study objects, and quantitative research methods used in each article. The analysis results indicate that most studies found a significant influence between service quality and store atmosphere on customer satisfaction levels. Responsive service and good interactions between employees and customers have been shown to enhance the consumption experience. In addition, physical environmental elements such as room comfort, layout, and restaurant ambiance also contribute to shaping positive customer perceptions. However, one study showed different results, indicating that external factors such as market competition, consumer expectations of the brand, and social conditions can influence customer evaluations. Thus, customer satisfaction is influenced by a combination of service quality, the physical environment, and the surrounding business context
Store Atmosphere, Service Quality, Consumer Satisfaction, Food and Beverage, Literature Review
Copyright (c) 2026 Indah Anggraeni Purnama Sari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
THE EFFECT OF DIGITAL LITERACY AND WORKLOAD ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
The development of digital technology has driven significant changes in organizational work patterns, thus requiring increased employee capabilities in utilizing technology and appropriate workload management. This study aims to examine the relationship between digital literacy and workload on employee productivity through a narrative literature review approach. The method used is qualitative, utilizing secondary data in the form of relevant scientific articles from the past five years, obtained through a search of the Google Scholar academic database. The analysis process was carried out by grouping, comparing, and synthesizing previous research findings to gain a comprehensive understanding. The results of the study indicate that digital literacy plays a significant role in increasing productivity, as this ability enables employees to work more efficiently, accurately, and adaptively to technological changes. Meanwhile, workload has a dynamic influence, where a proportional level of workload can encourage increased performance, while excessive workload can potentially decrease productivity due to work pressure. Therefore, the balance between digital competence and workload management is a key factor in achieving optimal performance. This study has implications for organizations to improve employee digital capacity while effectively managing work distribution to support sustainable productivity
Digital Literacy, Workload, Employee Productivity, Literature Review
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF PRICE AND PRODUCT QUALITY ON CONSUMER LOYALTY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
This study aims to comprehensively examine the relationship between price and product quality on consumer loyalty through an analysis of various previous studies. The approach used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative method that utilizes secondary data from scientific articles and academic journals relevant to the research topic. The data collection process was carried out through literature searches and selection based on variable suitability, topic relevance, and source credibility. Next, various research findings were analyzed by comparing , interpreting, and synthesizing the research results to identify patterns of relationships between variables. The results of the study indicate that consumer loyalty is influenced by the perception of value formed from the match between the price paid and the benefits received. Price plays a rational consideration in repurchase decisions, but its influence tends to depend on price stability and suitability to consumer expectations. On the other hand, product quality plays a more consistent role in building customer trust and satisfaction, thus encouraging long-term commitment to a brand. These findings indicate that the creation of consumer loyalty is not only determined by economic aspects, but also by the company's ability to provide product quality that can meet consumer needs and expectations in a sustainable manner
Price, Product Quality, Consumer Loyalty, Consumer Behavior, Marketing
THE EFFECT OF INFLUENCER MARKETING AND BRAND IMAGE ON PURCHASE DECISIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
This study aims to analyze the relationship between influencer marketing and brand image on purchasing decisions through a literature study approach. The method used is a literature review with secondary data sources in the form of scientific articles obtained from Google Scholar during the period 2021–2025. Literature selection was carried out based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, then analyzed using descriptive techniques and narrative synthesis to identify patterns of findings, consistency of results, and research gaps. The study results show that influencer marketing generally contributes significantly to increased interest and purchasing decisions through aspects of credibility, attractiveness, and audience engagement. Furthermore, brand image plays a role in shaping positive perceptions, reducing perceived consumer risk, and strengthening product preference. These findings indicate that the combination of influencer-based promotional strategies and strengthening brand image is a crucial factor in influencing consumer behavior in the digital age. Conceptually, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the consistency of previous research results and opens up opportunities for developing more complex research models involving mediating or moderating variables in further research
Influencer Marketing, Brand Image, Purchasing Decision, Literature Study.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY AND CONSUMER TRUST ON REPURCHASE INTEREST
This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality and consumer trust on repurchase intention through a literature review approach. The study was conducted by examining various relevant scientific articles to identify patterns of relationships between variables and develop a conceptual synthesis. The results of the analysis indicate that service quality plays a significant role in driving repurchase intention through positive experiences perceived by consumers, such as responsiveness, friendliness, employee competence, and service system reliability. Furthermore, consumer trust has been shown to be an important factor in reducing risk perception and increasing confidence in a product or service, thereby strengthening the tendency to repurchase. The literature synthesis indicates that these two variables complement each other in forming initial loyalty and maintaining long-term relationships between consumers and companies. Therefore, consistently improving service quality and building trust are key strategies in retaining customers and enhancing business sustainability
Service Quality, Consumer Trust, Repurchase Intention
EVALUATION OF ACCURACY AND LINGUISTIC NUANCES IN MACHINE TRANSLATION OF DEEPL FOR INDONESIA-ENGLISH
This study aims to evaluate the accuracy and linguistic nuances in DeepL's machine translationoutput from Indonesian to English. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, analyzing ten sentences featuring diverse syntactic and pragmatic characteristics. Theresults indicate that DeepL performs well in translating standard sentence structures and literal meanings. However, limitations arise when the system encounters idiomatic expressions, emotional tone, andpragmatic context. The translations often become too literal or contextually inappropriate. Thus, while DeepL is effective for general understanding, human translators remain essential in contexts requiringprecise meaning and cultural sensitivity
Accuracy, DeepL, Lingustic nuances, Machine Translation, Pragmatic
Copyright (c) 2026 Suci Pole Mappaita, Rizki Fauzi, Fadillah Pole Mappaita (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
FOUNDATIONS OF ISLAMIC INTERPRETATION: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE MECCA AND MEDINA PERIOD DURING THE TIME OF THE PROPHET SAW
The presence of Qur’an exegesis studies has colored the development of knowledge in the Islamic religion. The interpretation of the Qur’an, which continues to develop, of course, mhas existed since Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was appointed as a messenger. His condition as a messenger certainly played a role in conveying the message given to him. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ began the light of his message in Mecca and Medina, which certainly had special conditions and contexts for the representation of the values of the Qur’an being revealed. Mecca and Medina became the starting point for the establishment of the religion called Islam, which was brought by the Messenger of Allah SWT. The depiction of interpretation in the early period when the Qur’an was revealed has its own uniqueness as a comparison to contemporary scholarship, which never stops renewing itself with the emergence of new mufasirs. This study aims to explore the development of interpretation during the early presence of Islam in Mecca and Medina. Through the library research method, this study is conducted to broaden and deepen knowledge through literature
Copyright (c) 2026 Luthfi Zain, Romaida Romaida (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
CLUSTERING OF DISTRICTS/CITIES IN INDONESIA BASED ON POVERTY LEVEL USING THE K-MEANS METHOD WITH THE ELBOW METHOD APPROACH (CASE STUDY: BPS 2025 DATA)
Poverty remains a significant structural issue in Indonesia's development. The disparity in poverty levels across regions highlights the need for a data-driven analytical approach to comprehensively understand its distribution patterns. This study aims to cluster districts and cities in Indonesia based on the number of poor residents using the K-Means Clustering method optimized via the Elbow Method. The data used consists of secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for the year 2025, covering 514 districts/cities across 38 provinces. The analysis process began with a data preprocessing stage, including data cleaning, outlier detection using the Interquartile Range (IQR) method, and normalization using StandardScaler. The optimal number of clusters was determined using the Elbow Method and evaluated using the Silhouette Score. The analysis results show that the optimal number of clusters is K = 3 with a Silhouette Score of 0.6987, which falls into the "good" category. The classification resulted in three groups: Low Poverty (369 regions or 71.8%), Moderate Poverty (113 regions or 22.0%), and High Poverty (32 regions or 6.2%). Although the number of regions in the High Poverty group is relatively small, this group accounts for 26.4% of the total national poor population and is dominated by regions with high population density on the island of Java. These findings are expected to serve as a basis for the government in formulating more targeted and data-driven poverty alleviation policies
Poverty, K-Means Clustering, Elbow Method, Silhouette Score, Central Statistics Agency (BPS)
Copyright (c) 2026 Dinda Syafitri, Sahara Lani Lestari, Kayla Amelia Putri, Frengki Alfredo Matondang (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
REFLECTION ON THE ISLAMIC STUDIES COURSE IN SHAPING IDENTITY, INTEGRITY, AND DA’WAH AMONG ENGLISH STUDENTS
This study examines the role of the Islamic Studies course in shaping identity, academic integrity, and da’wah awareness among English Education students in the globalization era. In the context of rapid global development, students are increasingly exposed to diverse cultures and ideologies, which may influence their religious identity and ethical behavior. However, limited studies specifically explore how Islamic Studies contributes to character formation and global engagement among English students. This study aims to reflect on the contribution of the Islamic Studies course in developing students’ identity, strengthening academic integrity, and enhancing their role in da’wah through English. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a reflective design, using literature study and documentation as data collection techniques. The analysis is conducted through a descriptive-analytical method to identify key themes and relationships among variables. The findings indicate that the Islamic Studies course plays a significant role in fostering a strong Muslim identity, promoting ethical academic behavior, and encouraging students to utilize English as a medium for global da’wah. Furthermore, the integration of Islamic values and language competence enables students to respond to globalization challenges while maintaining their moral and spiritual foundations. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening Islamic Studies as a foundational course in higher education.
Islamic Studies, Identity, Academic Integrity, English Students, Da’wah
Copyright (c) 2026 Lusiyatul Hasanah, Ainur Rofiq Sofa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC STUDIES IN PAI PERSPECTIVE: HARMONIZATION OF REVELATION AND REASON FOR TBI UNZAH STUDENTS
This study examines the harmonization of revelation and reason in the course Introduction to Islamic Studies from the perspective of Islamic Education (PAI) among TBI students at Universitas Zainul Hasan Genggong (UNZAH). The rapid development of globalization has created challenges such as radicalism, intolerance, and a crisis of religious identity, highlighting the need for an integrative approach to Islamic learning. However, a gap remains in the practical implementation of integrating naqli (revealed knowledge) and aqli (rational knowledge) within specific instructional contexts. This study aims to analyze how the harmonization of revelation and reason is implemented and its impact on students’ understanding and attitudes of religious moderation. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach involving 30 students and one lecturer, using in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. Data are analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the integrative approach significantly enhances students’ critical thinking, contextual understanding of Islamic teachings, and attitudes of moderation, including tawassuth, tawazun, i’tidal, and tasamuh. Students demonstrate improved ability to relate Islamic values to contemporary issues and show more balanced and tolerant perspectives. These results indicate that the harmonization of revelation and reason is effective in fostering a moderate, critical, and contextual understanding of Islam among university students
Harmonization, Revelation and Reason, Islamic Education, Religious Moderation, Students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sherly Ana Zainal, Ainur Rofiq Sofa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
ISLAMIC RESPONSE TO THE CHALLENGES OF GLOBALIZATION AND THE ROLE OF STUDENTS IN RELIGIOUS MODERATION
Globalization has significantly transformed social, cultural, and religious landscapes, presenting complex challenges for Muslims, particularly in the spread of extreme ideologies, digital misinformation, and shifting value systems. Despite extensive discussions on religious moderation, there remains a research gap in understanding the concrete role of university students in responding to globalization through the internalization of Islamic moderation values. This study focuses on the main variables of Islamic response to globalization and the role of students in promoting religious moderation. The objective of this research is to analyze how Islamic principles address contemporary global challenges and to examine the extent of student involvement in implementing moderation values. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design, involving university students as the primary sample. Data were collected through indepth interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques, supported by triangulation for validity. The findings reveal that Islamic values such as wasathiyah (moderation), tawazun (balance), tasamuh (tolerance), and i’tidal (justice) provide a relevant framework for addressing globalization challenges. Furthermore, students play a strategic role as agents of change by promoting inclusive and moderate religious understanding through academic activities and digital platforms. The study concludes that strengthening students’ awareness and engagement in religious moderation is essential in fostering a harmonious and resilient society in the global era
Globalization, Islamic Moderation, University Students, Digital Challenges, Religious Values,
Copyright (c) 2026 Quudatul ulumiah khoiriyah, Ainur Rofiq Sofa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF GENDER STRUGGLE IN THE CHARACTER OF JOLANTAIN THE ANIME Chi: On the Movements of the Earth(Episodes 7–20) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LIBERAL FEMINISM
This study aims to analyze the construction of gender struggle in the character of Jolanta in the anime Chi: On the Movements of the Earth, episodes 7–20. The anime’s historical setting in fifteenth-century Europe reveals the dominance of patriarchal institutions over the production of knowledge and the restriction of women’s access to intellectual space. This research employs a qualitative approach using Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, which encompasses the dimensions of text, discursive practice, and social practice. Martha Nussbaum’s liberal feminist perspective is used to interpret Jolanta’s struggle as an effort to expand women’s intellectual capabilities. The data consist of dialogues, narratives, and visual elements such as expressions, camera angles, framing, and lighting that display gendered power relations. The findings show that Jolanta’s struggle is constructed through a shift in linguistic modality from a subordinative to a resistive position, supported by visual symbols that display the dialectic of epistemic repression and liberation. At the level of discursive practice, the anime depicts women’s exclusion from the process of knowledge production, while at the level of social practice, the text represents patriarchal structures that regulate who is entitled to speak, learn, and be recognized as a subject of knowledge. These findings confirm that anime, as a form of popular culture, can become an ideological arena that both represents and mediates women’s struggles to gain recognition for their intellectual capabilities
Gender Struggle, Women’s Representation, Critical Discourse Analysis, Liberal Feminism, Anime
Copyright (c) 2026 Rofif Naufal Hakim, Refti Handini Listiyani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
IMPLEMENTATION OF MINDFUL PARENTING IN TEENAGER
Parents have a very important role in their children's both of biological, psychological, and physical growth. Friendly parent can make the children be beloved, accepted, trusted, and positive self-representation. However, in reality, many parents often impose their goals so that their children have to follow their expectations, which has an impact on the relationship between parents and children. Effective communication between parents and children is difficult to establish, one of the factor that can be attributed to generational differences. Although strict parenting styles are often received criticism , in practice that the parenting style still used throughout the world. To overcome the negative impacts on children due to strict and negative parenting, so the parenting styles need to be modified, one approach being mindful parenting, also known as awareness-based parenting. This study aimed to understand how mindful parenting can be implemented so that the children can grow up healthy and prosperous emotionally, mentally, and phisically. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative research with a literature review approach. The results of this study include the dimensions of attentive listening, non-judgmental acceptance, emotional awareness, self-control, and compassion. Supportive techniques such as meditation, breathing exercises, and self-reflection can be implemented to ensure effective parenting, and teenagers can have open communication, feel appreciated and accepted by their parents
Copyright (c) 2026 Maesaroh Lubis, Elfan Fanhas Fatwa Khomaeny (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INTEGRATION OF THE STEAM METHOD IN DEVELOPING INDONESIAN LANGUAGE SKILLS AT MI MAARIF BOJONGSARI
This study explores the integration of the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) approach into Indonesian language learning at MI Maarif Bojongsari. Using qualitative descriptive methods, the study examines how STEAM-based learning impacts students' language skills, creativity, and 21st-century competencies. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with teachers, classroom observations, and document analysis. The results indicate that a project-based and inquiry-based learning model that integrates various STEAM disciplines effectively improves students' Indonesian language skills. For example, students engaged in activities such as designing a water filtration system and creating a persuasive poster, which required the application of language skills in real-world contexts. This interdisciplinary approach not only improved vocabulary and sentence structure but also encouraged critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration. However, the study also identified challenges such as limited resources and the need for teacher training in STEAM pedagogy. Despite this, teachers demonstrated creativity and adaptability by utilizing available resources and peer collaboration to effectively implement STEAM. These findings suggest that integrating STEAM into language education can transform learning by encouraging active engagement, enhancing language development, and preparing students for future challenges. The study concludes that STEAM-based language education has significant potential to reform learning practices at MI Maarif Bojongsari and contribute to students' holistic development by strengthening essential linguistic, cognitive, and social skills in the modern era.
STEAM, Indonesian language learning, MI Maarif Bojongsari
Copyright (c) 2026 Slamet Pamuji, Isna Fatimatuz Zahroh, Siti Baro’ah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
I'JAZ GHAIBI MUSTAQBALI IN QS AL LAHAB VERSES 1-5: ANALYSIS OF THE STORY OF ABU LAHAB AND HIS WIFE
Discusses the concept of i'jāz supernatural mustaqbalī in Surah al-Lahab verses 1–5 by focusing on the story of Abū Lahab and his wife. The purpose of this research is to examine the miraculous nature of the Qur'an through its prophecy about future events that were later proven in historical reality. This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach by analyzing classical and contemporary Qur'anic commentaries as well as literature related to the sciences of the Qur'an (' Ulūm al-Qur'ān). The results of the study show that Surah al-Lahab is one of the clearest examples of i' jāz supernatural mustaqbalī, as the verses explicitly foretold the destruction of Abū Lahab and his wife while they were still alive. The Qur'an firmly states that wealth, power, and social status cannot save a person from the punishment of Allah. Historical records confirm that Abū Lahab died in a state of disbelief and experienced worldly humiliation after the Battle of Badr, while his wife continued to oppose the message of Islam until the end of her life. The harmony between the Qur'anic prophecy and historical reality serves as strong evidence of the Qur'an's miraculous nature as a divine revelation beyond human knowledge. Therefore, Surah al-Lahab functions not only as a historical account but also as a moral and theological warning for humanity not to reject the truth or fall into arrogance and hostility toward the message of Islam
I' jaz Ghaibi, Surah al-Lahab, Abu Lahab, Qur'anic Miracle, Prophecy of the Future.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muna Zahriya, Fikri Hidayat El Izat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
FORMULATION OF RED DRAGON FRUIT (HYLOCEREUS COSTARICENSIS) BASED ON PORANG TUBER FLOUR (AMORPHOPHALLUS ONCOPPHYLLUS BLUME.) AND SAGU (METROXYLON SAGU ROTTB.) : ANALYSIS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ORGANOLEPTIC TESTING OF DODOL AS A SUSTAINABLE HEALTHY FOOD
Dragon fruit, commonly known as Hylocereus costaricensis, has many benefits in its flesh, while its skin is discarded and unused. The skin of Hylocereus costaricensis fruit has many benefits. Dodol is made from Hylocereus costaricensis fruit with the aim of obtaining a more appealing taste, colour and texture, as well as a delicious and chewy flavour that is widely enjoyed. The comparison between porang tuber flour (Amorphophallus oncopphyllus Blume.) and sagu flour (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) shows that each has its own characteristics. This results in different physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics after being mixed with Hylocereus costaricensis fruit. Porang tuber flour (Amorphophallus oncopphyllus Blume.) functions as a thickener and gel former, giving dodol a chewy and fibre-rich texture, while sagu flour (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) is rich in fibre and antioxidants. It gives the dodol a chewy, sticky, and dense texture when eaten and also thickens when the sagu flour (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) is cooked with coconut milk and dodol from Hylocereus costaricensis fruit, giving it a thick consistency
Copyright (c) 2026 Erwin Junaidi Lubis, Serika Zai (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
AN ANALYSIS OF THE WENSEN SCHOOL DEPOK INDONESIA CASE: A PARENTING THEORY PERSPECTIVE ON DAYCARE PRACTICES
The child abuse case at Wensen School in Depok involving Meita Irianty, a daycare owner and parenting influencer, generated national concern regarding the integrity of caregiving practices in early childhood institutions. The paradox lies in the disjunction between public authority in parenting discourse and the alleged perpetration of severe physical violence against toddlers aged two to three years. This article examines how extreme authoritarian control, when detached from emotional responsiveness, may deteriorate into physical abuse, and how such acts intersect with broader systemic vulnerabilities. Employing a descriptive qualitative case study design, the analysis draws upon court documents and verified public reports, interpreted through six complementary frameworks: Attachment Theory, Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory, Social Learning Theory, Ecological Systems Theory, Parenting Styles Theory, and the concept of Empathic Communication. The findings indicate that the incident reflects not only individual misconduct but also disrupted attachment formation, psychosocial developmental risks, learned patterns of aggression, and regulatory deficiencies within institutional and policy environments. The study argues that child protection in daycare settings requires a multidimensional response encompassing trauma-informed intervention, professional certification and training for caregivers, and strengthened national oversight mechanisms. Child abuse, therefore, should be understood as a systemic failure of caregiving ecology rather than merely an isolated moral deviation
Child Abuse, Authoritarian Parenting, Attachment Disruption, Early Childhood Development, Daycare Regulation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Putriani Yogosara Lodewijk, Arlani Doka Aldino, Dedy Dely Rasidie, Yudha Bagus Ariya Pratama (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
THE ROLE OF PARENTS IN FORMING SUPERIOR CHARACTERS BASED ON THE LOVE CURRICULUM
This study aims to analyze the role of parents in shaping students' superior character based on the Love Curriculum at MI Islamiyah Bumiayu Boureno. Character education is an essential aspect of children's personality development from an early age, which is not only the responsibility of educational institutions but also of the family as the first and primary educational environment. The Love Curriculum, as an educational approach that emphasizes values such as compassion, empathy, responsibility, discipline, and mutual respect, requires active parental involvement in its implementation within the family environment. This research employed a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that parental involvement in habituating positive values at home, providing role models, maintaining effective communication, and collaborating with the school significantly contributes to the development of students' superior character. The synergy between the school and parents in implementing the values of the Love Curriculum has been proven to foster religious attitudes, independence, discipline, and social awareness among students. Therefore, the role of parents becomes a crucial factor in the successful implementation of character education based on the Love Curriculum at MI Islamiyah Bumiayu Boureno
Parental Role, Superior Character, Love Curriculum, Character Education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Widya Ayu Yuliana, Nurul Istiqomah, Amalia Husna Zahrotus Septiana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CANCEL CULTURE AND COLLECTIVE AGGRESSION ON SOCIAL MEDIA
The phenomenon of cancel culture has emerged as a dominant instrument of social sanction in the digital era; however, it frequently culminates in destructive forms of collective aggression. This study aims to examine the psychological mechanisms that drive mass participation in public shaming practices and to evaluate their impact on individuals and the broader digital ecosystem. Employing a library research method with a descriptive qualitative approach, this article systematically analyzes scientific literature to identify social psychological patterns underlying the phenomenon. The findings indicate that cancel culture behavior is driven by a combination of internal and external factors. At the individual level, primary motivations include the need for moral validation, social narcissism, and the practice of virtue signaling. These mechanisms are reinforced by the Online Disinhibition Effect, Moral Self-Licensing, and deindividuation, which reduce psychological restraints and provide moral justification for aggressive behavior in cyberspace. At the group level, Social Identity Theory and peer pressure foster loyalty to the in-group, while social media algorithms create echo chambers that accelerate the escalation of collective moral outrage. The impacts of this phenomenon are multidimensional; targets frequently experience chronic stress, anxiety, and social isolation. Conversely, perpetrators tend to gain moral satisfaction and social validation, although they risk reinforcing black-and-white thinking patterns and heightened aggressiveness. Systemically, cancel culture has the potential to cultivate a culture of self-censorship that erodes deliberative dialogue.
Cancel Culture, Online Disinhibition Effect, Moral Self-Licensing, Social Identity Theory